Quantification protocol for co2 capture and permanent. A numerical study to assess the effect of heterogeneity on. The co2 is stripped from the produced natural gas on the sleipner west field 2. Best practice for the storage of co2 in saline aquifers observations and guidelines from the sacs and co2store projects edited and compiled by. Of these options, storage in deep saline aquifers appears to be the best choice in terms of resident storage time, storage capacity and proximity to emission cites 56. Saline intrusion represents one of the most persistent environmental problems at the worldwide coasts.
Additionally, these aquifers are often close to stationary pointsource co 2 emission sites, especially in the united states 4, 810, 1416. Large quantities of saline water are available in the world, both on the surface and underground. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Salt precipitation is generated near the injection well when dry supercritical carbon dioxide scco 2 is injected into saline aquifers, and it can seriously impair the co 2 injectivity of the well. Co2 storage in saline aquifers ii experience from existing. Deep saline aquifers are regarded as the most suitable sites or options for co2 geological storage, mainly due to their. This study presents the results of computerized tomography ct monitored laboratory experiments to analyze permeability and porosity changes as. Pdf co2 storage in saline aquifers i current state of. Andy chadwick, rob arts, christian bernstone, franz may. We incorporate cosubscript 2 dissolution due to convective mixing into a sharpinterface mathematical model for the postinjection migration of a plume of cosubscript 2 in a saline aquifer. Jun 23, capture and2015 quantification protocol for co 2. The aquifer basics web site provides a general summary of information published in the ground water. Some of these efforts and technologies have been widely implemented such as energy efficiency measures, while others require more research and development. Assessment of feasible strategies for seasonal underground.
Currently, one of the main setbacks of ro operation is fouling, which hinders membrane performance and induces pressure loss, thereby reducing system efficiency. Geologic carbon storage in deep saline aquifers is a promising technology for reducing anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. In some cases 7% this is a local effect around the pumping area, while in others 33% this encroachment covers a larger area. The term nanoparticle refers to an innocuous nanometersized mineral or organic solids particle. The model developed under this contract is a modified version of the deep well disposal model developed by intercomp resource development and engineering, inc. Scientists propose to capture huge quantities of the carbon dioxide co2 from the smokestacks of industrial facilities, compress the gas into a fluid form and dispose of it forever deep underground in the saline. These include compressibility, gravity, capillarity, mutual solubility, precipitation and formation dryout effects. Collaborative research on carbon sequestration in saline. Introduction injectivity and economics assessing the. Arco chair in energy studies co2 migration in saline aquifers. The result is that the saline aquifer is slowly desalinating. This means that overall the system is losing water causing a decline in groundwater levels that affects users in the lower and middle aquifers. Saline aquifers are key to the emerging technology of carbon capture and sequestration ccs. Saline aquifers are geological formations consisting of water permeable rocks that are saturated with salt water, called brine.
Geological carbon sequestration in saline aquifers in china is one area with a large carbonstorage potential and where the research is considered in its infancy. Uncertainty analysis of capacity estimates and leakage potential for geologic storage of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers by yamama raza submitted to the engineering systems division on may 14th, 2009 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for. Click download or read online button to get seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers book now. Dissolution of injected co2 into resident brines is one of the primary trapping mechanisms generally considered. The model is a finitedifference numerical solution of the partial differential equations describing 1 single phase. The frio brine field test conducted during 20042008 was the first scientific project of its kind to investigate the potential for the longterm geologic storage of co 2 in saline aquifers kharaka.
Recovering fresh water stored in saline limestone aquifers. Emerging contaminants and nutrients in a saline aquifer of. A geochemical approach to determine sources and movement of. Quantification protocol for co2 capture and permanent storage.
Confined and unconfined aquifers respond differently to pumping the markedly different response of confined and unconfined aquifers to pumping before the groundwater system returns to a new equilibrium is demonstrated by calculations of drawdown resulting from a single pumping well in an idealized example of each type of aquifer figures a1. To ensure secure storage of this co2, it is important to understand the interaction of co2 injection and migration with geological layering. Also shown are projects in an advanced planning stage see text for details as well as the weyburn and otway pilot projects. Aquifers are layers of porous rock containing salt water saline or brine aquifers overlain by a cap rock layer which is impervious to water, hydrocarbons, and co 2. Injection of fluids into deep saline aquifers is practiced in several industrial activities, and is being considered as part of a possible mitigation strategy to reduce anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Four large coalfired power plants in the region produce on the order of 30 mt co 2yr. Map showing projects injecting or having injected co 2 into deep saline aquifers. However, less attention has been given to the impact of heterogeneity on the performance of these storage media. Assessment of feasible strategies for seasonal underground hydrogen storage in a saline aquifer elena abarca, alvaro sainzgarcia, fidel grandia.
Nanofluidbased co2 geological storage is defined as permanent sequestration of specific nanofluids in reservoirs such as depleted oil fields and deep saline aquifers. This will set the scene for companies, regulatory authorities, nongovernmental organisations, and ultimately, the interested general public, in. This study presents a modelling approach to assess the potential for such. Geological survey a model for calculating effects of liquid waste disposal in deep saline aquifers. Mathematical models have thus been developed to aid the understanding of multiphase flow of co2 and trapping mechanisms during subsurface. These additions and modifications include free water surface, vertical recharge, equilibrium controlled linear absorption and a first order irreversible. This study evaluates parameter sensitivity and prediction uncertainty of. We solve the governing equation both analytically and numerically, and a comparison of the results for two different initial plume shapes demonstrates the importance of accounting for the true. Pdf pressure history matching for co2 storage in saline.
Exploitation of groundwater from fresh water lenses in saline. The piezometric level is the imaginary level to which the water. As groundwater resources and recharge as15 the whymap program gathered and summarized select information from global data sets to show. Saline water is defined herein as water containing more than 1,000 parts per million of dissolved solids, or, with certain mineralized irrigation waters whose exact dissolved solids content is not known, water. Fresh water intrusion in saline aquifer guideline geo. Saline intrusion on a coastal aquifer medcrave online. Results the first operations injecting co 2 into saline aquifers in the early 1990 s were acidgas h 2s and co 2 disposal. Injection of large volumes of excess water currently not needed into saline aquifers could create valuable water resources that. The impact of these other sources often is not considered and consequently, the source zones, movement, and composition of saline groundwater may be misinterpreted or not fully. A search for freshwater in the saline aquifer of coastal. The geological formations consisting of water permeable rocks that are saturated with salt water called brine. The focus is on the situation prevailing along the egyptian red sea coast, where fresh water is produced for tourist resorts by. These aquifers receive recharge at a rate of 80,000 ml yr and they are being pumped at a rate of 160,000 mlyr.
A preliminary study of the distribution of saline water in. One of the key parameters, which has received little attention, is co2. A predictive uncertainty analysis using design of experiment. For instance, saline water is denser than fresh water and will thus increase the hydraulic conductivity of a waterbearing layer. Danskin abstract geochemical evaluation of the sources and movement of saline groundwater in coastal aquifers can aid in the initial mapping. Aquifer storage and recovery asr is a valuable tool for managing variations in the supply and demand of freshwater, but system performance is highly dependent upon system. The worldwide co 2 storage capacity of deep saline aquifers has been estimated to range from 100 to 10,000 gtco 2 7, 14, 17, 18. Injection and storage of co 2 in deep saline aquifers. Jan 21, 2019 compressedair energy storage could be a useful interseasonal storage resource to support highly renewable power systems.
Changes in groundwater levels resulting in saline water being drawn into an aquifer. Here, we present an analytical model for the postinjection spreading of a plume of co. Mohaghegh and vida gholami and alireza shahkarami, year20. Injection of co2 into deep saline aquifers involves co2 as a supercritical fluid that is less dense and less viscous than the resident formation water. Interseasonal compressedair energy storage using saline. Geophysical methods to map brackish and saline water in aquifers john r. Storage in saline aquifers allows for co 2 to be safely stored for hundreds to thousands of years in otherwise unused geological formations.
Revision of the documentation for a model for calculating. An extensive introduction to storage of co2 in deep saline aquifers can be found in 16. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Moreover, of the several co 2 storage possibilities proposed, including injection into deep oceans, depleted oil reservoirs, and unminable coal seams, storage in deep saline aquifers appears to hold the most combined promise in terms of storage capacity, proximity to emission sources, and stateoftheart technology 4, 5, 8 10. Many parameters have been indicated crucial for the selection of a saline aquifer as a carbon dioxide co 2 storage site. Usgs map of the principal aquifers of the united states. Pdf potencial use of saline aquifers for geological. Details of additions and modifications to a computer code described in an earlier report entitled a model for calculating effects of liquid waste disposal in deep saline aquifers. Uncertainty analysis of capacity estimates and leakage. A recent intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc report pachauri and reisinger, 2007 has indicated that injection of co2 into confined geological formations. Scientists propose to capture huge quantities of the carbon dioxide co2 from the smokestacks of industrial facilities, compress the gas into a fluid form and dispose of it forever deep underground in the saline formations. Water resource systems research unit, civil engineering department.
Reactive multiphase behavior of co2 in saline aquifers beneath the colorado plateau showing 14 of 26 pages in this report. Graduate thesis or dissertation optimization of capillary. Underground hydrogen storage uhs more renewable energy production to meet climate protection agreements. Our streamline simulation method provides an extension of previous. Carbon capture and storage projects applicable under this protocol consist of three main components. Deep saline aquifers are great candidates for sequestration once they offer high storage capacities and worldwide distribution. Saline aquifers are sedimentary rocks saturated with saline, nonpotable water from which water can be drawn and fluids can e injected to be stored for a longer period of time. Supercritical carbon dioxide co 2, co 2 that has been pressurized to a phase between gas and liquid, may be injected into a saline aquifer where it may either dissolve in the brine, react with the dissolved minerals or the surrounding rock, or.
For the solubility trapping, there is only a small difference among aquifers with different levels of heterogeneity. Cardno entrix, 88 colonial boulevard, fort myers, florida 33907. Sequestration of carbon in saline aquifers mathematical. An alternative water source is saline groundwater with salinity close to.
Global sensitivity analysis to assess salt precipitation. Although there are a number of mathematical modeling studies for carbon dioxide co 2 injection into aquifer formations, experimental studies are limited and most studies focus on injection into sandstone reservoirs as opposed to carbonate ones. Simulation of coupled processes of flow, transport, and. Confined and unconfined aquifers respond differently to pumping. Quantification protocol for co2 capture and permanent storage in deep saline aquifers more information download downloads. Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers download ebook pdf. A numerical study of saline contamination of a coastal. Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers water management. Potential storage sites must fulfil a number of geological criteria, and require careful characterisation to ensure storage security, integrity, feasibility and.
Modelling and simulation of a saline aquifer for co. The aquifer basics web site provides a general overview and maps of the principal aquifers of the united states by rock type and via alphabetical list. Subsurface sequestration of co2 has received attention from the global scientific community in response to climate change concerns due to higher concentrations of co2 in the atmosphere. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours.
A geochemical approach to determine sources and movement of saline groundwater in a coastal aquifer by robert anders1, gregory o. Fluid model studies of the storage of freshwater in saline. Quantification of saline aquifers for geological storage of. In the present work, a 2d cartesian model of a saline aquifer was developed in the gproms modelbuilder, to provide a practical tool to study the feasibility of an aquifer for the co 2. Pdf co2 storage in saline aquifers semantic scholar. The hydrogeology, distribution, and volume of saline water in 22 aquifers in the southern midcontinent of the united states were evaluated to provide information about saline groundwater resources that may be used to reduce dependency on freshwater resources. Because the water level of the lake is higher than the surrounding polders, fresh water from this lake is seeping into these polders. Carbon dioxide co2 injection into saline aquifers is one method of mitigating anthropogenic climate change. Chemical reactions that change the chemistry of groundwater or thermal sources such as volcanoes, hot rocks or the sun heating the groundwater. Geological carbon sequestration, as a method of atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction, is at the technological forefront of the climate change movement. Reverse osmosis ro seawater desalination is currently a widespread means of closing the gap between supply and demand for potable water in arid regions.
Co2 migration and trapping capacity in deep saline aquifers are highly influenced by various rock and fluid parameters. The co2 injection rate since 1996 has been close to 1 mty. The construction of the afsluitdijk has resulted in the creation of a fresh water lake. Deep saline aquifers have been reported to have the highest estimated co2 sequestration capacity. Leading the way in ccs implementation event, london, 1415 april 2014. Summary of feedback to draft protocol and responses more information download downloads. Potential storage sites must fulfil a number of geological criteria, and require careful characterisation to ensure storage security, integrity, feasibility and costeffectiveness. This research is a feasibility study to determine whether fresh water storage in saline aquifers is possible by means of a fresh storage saline extraction fsse well. The model captures cosubscript 2 migration due to groundwater flow and aquifer slope, as well as residual trapping and dissolution. Potencial use of saline aquifers for geological storage of co2 in portugal. Saline groundwater from coastal aquifers as a source for. Prev next a numerical study of saline contamination of a coastal aquifer.
Saline ground water occurs as connate water or other saline water that entered an aquifer in the geologic past and has not been flushed from the aquifer. Exploitation of groundwater from fresh water lenses in saline aquifers by amjad s. Capillary trapping under slope and groundwater flow. Aquifer storage and recovery using saline aquifers. The quality and availability of water has become a pressing issue worldwide, being particularly important in semiarid regions, where climate change has. Typically, changes on the hydrological cycle are associated to urbanization of recharge areas and changes on the natural surface and.
1434 886 202 1336 552 31 1116 795 115 894 387 190 113 1271 848 1210 1238 670 1104 1143 1405 4 1215 80 366 1200 531 19 666 838 1397 104 1455 348 1361 1091 940 1129 519 207 228 1111 993